B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches

JEL top-level code B: the classical and foundational doctrines of the discipline's own intellectual history, its methodology, and heterodox schools of analysis considered as a body of thought rather than as present-day technical apparatus. Belongs here: concepts whose primary significance is as a doctrine associated with a historical school, such as the classical-economics account of markets self-correcting through unplanned coordination, or a named law attributed to one economist's founding argument. Does not belong here: a modern technical concept that happens to have classical-era roots but is now primarily used as present-day analytical apparatus, which belongs under its present-day subfield (D, E, and so on).