This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
A conventional bank loan works the same way whether the borrower's venture succeeds spectacularly or fails outright: the bank is owed the same principal plus interest either way, and the borrower alone absorbs the risk of failure. Islamic finance, built on the prohibition of riba, structures the relationship differently. Under a mudarabah contract, one party supplies capital and the other supplies labor and expertise, and any profit is split by an agreed ratio, while any loss falls on the capital provider alone, since the working partner has already lost their labor. Under a musharakah contract, both parties contribute capital and share both profit and loss in proportion to their stake. The underlying principle in both cases is that a return on capital must be earned by sharing genuine business risk, not collected as a fixed charge for the mere use of money regardless of outcome. Modern Islamic banks, a sector that has grown into the hundreds of billions of dollars globally since the 1970s, adapt these classical contract forms to modern retail and commercial banking, home financing structured as a joint purchase with gradually transferring ownership rather than an interest-bearing mortgage, being one common example.