B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches

Economists whose primary lasting contribution belongs to the classical, physiocratic, cameralist, Austrian, German historical, institutionalist or Marxian traditions of political economy, or who is studied today chiefly as a figure in the history and methodology of economic thought rather than for one field-specific technical result. Belongs here: founders of major schools before or apart from the neoclassical mainstream, and heterodox critics whose work is read as a whole system of thought. Does not belong here: an economist whose historical importance rests on one technical contribution to a specific field such as trade theory or general equilibrium, who groups instead under that field's own letter even where the contribution is also historically important.