The Dutch West India Company, chartered on June 3, 1621, was a Dutch trading company granted a monopoly over Netherlands trade with West Africa and the Americas, including the Atlantic slave trade, the Caribbean, Brazil and North America. It held Portuguese territory in northeastern Brazil from 1624 to 1654, was reorganized under a new charter in 1675 that refocused it on the slave trade, operated through five regional chambers governed by a nineteen-member board known as the Heeren XIX, and was dissolved on January 1, 1792.
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